Momwe Magudumu Anayambira

Ngati mungatchule chipika gudumu, ndiye kuti mbiri yawo imabwereranso ku Paleolithic Era (Stone Age), pamene wina anaganiza kuti zinthu zazikulu, zolemetsa zinali zosavuta kusuntha ngati atagubuduza pazipika.Gudumu lenilenilo mwina linali gudumu la woumba, kuyambira cha m'ma 3500 BC, ndipo gudumu loyamba lopangidwa kuti liziyenda liyenera kukhala gudumu la galeta la Mesopotamiya kuyambira cha m'ma 3200 BC.

Aigupto akale anapeza gudumu loyamba la spoked, ndipo Agiriki adapita patsogolo mwa kupanga gudumu lamtundu wa H lokhala ndi chopingasa.Aselote anawonjezera zitsulo zachitsulo kuzungulira mawilo ozungulira 1000 BC Mawilo anapitirizabe kukula ndikusintha ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za makochi, ngolo, ndi ngolo, koma mapangidwe ambiri anakhalabe ofanana kwa zaka mazana ambiri.

Mawaya olankhula adatulukira mu 1802, pomwe GB Bauer adalandira chilolezo pamalumikizidwe amawaya omwe adadutsa pamphepete mwa gudumu ndikumangirira pakhoma.Izi zinasanduka mitundu ya masipoko omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mawilo anjinga.Matayala opangidwa ndi mphira adabwera cha m'ma 1845, opangidwa ndi RW Thompson.John Dunlop anawongola matayala pogwiritsa ntchito mphira wamtundu wina umene umapangitsa kuti njinga ziziyenda bwino.

Mawilo Oyambirira Agalimoto

Ambiri olemba mbiri zamagalimoto amavomereza kuti mawilo amakono amagalimoto amakono adawonekera koyamba mu 1885, pomwe Karl Benz adapanga mawilo a Benz Patent-Motorwagen.Galimoto ya mawilo atatu ija inkagwiritsa ntchito mawilo amawaya omveka bwino komanso matayala olimba a labala omwe ankaoneka ngati mawilo a njinga.Matigari anayenda bwino m’zaka zotsatira, pamene abale a Michelin anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito labala pamagalimoto, ndiyeno BF Goodrich anawonjezera mpweya ku mphira kuti atalikitse moyo wa matayala agalimoto.

Mu 1924, opanga magudumu anagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zopindidwa ndi sitampu kupanga mawilo achitsulo.Mawilowa anali olemera koma osavuta kupanga ndi kukonza.Pamene Ford Model-T inatuluka, inkagwiritsa ntchito mawilo a zida zamatabwa.Ford inasintha izi kukhala mawilo achitsulo opangidwa ndi zitsulo za 1926 ndi 1927.Matayala a rabara oyera opanda kaboni a mawilo amenewa ankangotenga mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 2,000 ndipo nthawi zambiri ankayenda makilomita 30 kapena 34 okha asanafunike kukonzedwa.Matayalawa anali ndi machubu, ndipo ankabowoka mosavuta ndipo nthawi zina ankatuluka m’mphepete mwawo.

Kusinthika kwa gudumu lagalimoto kunapitilira mu 1934, pomwe zida zachitsulo zotsika pakati, pomwe pakati pa gudumu zinali zotsika kuposa m'mphepete, zidatuluka.Mapangidwe a malo ogwetserawa anapangitsa matayala okwera kukhala osavuta.

Mawilo a aluminiyamu ndi akale kuposa momwe mungaganizire-magalimoto amasewera oyambirira ankagwiritsa ntchito mawilo a aluminiyamu.Mtundu wa 35 wa Bugatti unali ndi mawilo a aluminiyamu mu 1924. Kulemera kwawo kopepuka kunapangitsa kuti magudumuwo azithamanga kwambiri, komanso mphamvu ya aluminiyamu yochotsa kutentha komwe kunapangidwira kuti aziboola bwino.Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1955 mpaka 1958, Cadillac inapereka mawilo osakanizidwa achitsulo-aluminiyamu okhala ndi masipoko a aluminium opangidwa ndi stylized opangidwa ndi chitsulo.Izi nthawi zambiri zimakutidwa ndi chromium, koma mu 1956 Cadillac idatuluka ndikupereka chimaliziro chagolide cha Eldorado yawo.

Kusinthika kwa gudumu lagalimoto kudakwera kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 50 ndi m'ma 60, pomwe magalimoto othamanga komanso othamanga adapitilira kugwiritsa ntchito ma aluminium-magnesium aloyi pamawilo.Alfa Romeo anatulutsa mawilo a alloy pa GTA yake mu 1965, ndipo Ford inayambitsa Mustang GT350 ndi mwayi wa mawilo asanu a Shelby / Cragar opangidwa ndi aluminiyumu yopangidwa ndi chromed rim.Izi zinali zisanalumikizidwe ndi chitsulo chachitsulo, koma mu 1966 Ford anapanga gudumu limodzi lopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu-spoke wheel.

Magnesium aluminiyamu aloyi mawilo (kapena "mag" mawilo) opangidwa ndi Halibrand anakhala gudumu kusankha auto racing kuyambira m'ma 50s, ndipo patapita nthawi anakhala tsatanetsatane wa Shelby msewu magalimoto.

Mu 1960, Pontiac anatsatira chitsanzo cha Panhard ndi Cadillac, pogwiritsa ntchito gudumu lokhala ndi aluminiyamu yomwe imayikidwa pamphepete mwachitsulo chokhala ndi mtedza wa chrome.Mawilowa ankayenera kugwiritsa ntchito adaputala yopangidwa ndi opanga kuti agwirizane ndi makina oyendera magudumu amasiku amenewo.Magudumuwo analinso ndi kapu yapakati yayikulu yomwe imaphimba matumba.Pontiac anapanga mawilo owalawa kuti apezeke kupyolera mu 1968;anali okwera mtengo ndipo tsopano ndi osowa ndipo amafunidwa ndi otolera magalimoto.

Porsche analowa dziko gudumu aloyi mu 1966, pamene anapanga muyezo aloyi gudumu pa 911S.Porsche anapitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito mawilo aloyi pa 911 kwa zaka zambiri mu mabaibulo osiyanasiyana kukula ndi kufalitsidwa pa 912, 914, 916, ndi 944 zitsanzo.Opanga magalimoto apamwamba komanso ochita bwino adapitilira kugwiritsa ntchito mawilo a aloyi kuyambira m'ma 60s kupita mtsogolo.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, Citroën adatulukanso ndi gudumu lolimba lachitsulo.A Citroën SM pogwiritsa ntchito mawilo a resin awa adapambana Rally of Morocco mu 1971.

Ferrari anatulutsa gudumu lake loyamba la aloyi, mtundu wa magnesium wa matembenuzidwe amsewu a 275 GTB, mu 1964. Chaka chomwecho, Chevrolet adayambitsa mtundu wa Corvette wokhala ndi mawilo apakati-lock Kelsey-Hayes aluminiyamu, omwe Chevy adasintha mu 1967 ndi bawuti- pa mitundu.Koma ndi Corvette C3 chaka chomwecho, Chevrolet anasiya mawilo a aluminiyamu opangidwa ndi alloy ndipo sanatulutsenso chimodzimodzi mpaka 1976.

Magudumu anakula kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 90, kukula kwake kumawonjezeka kuchokera pansi pa mainchesi 15 kufika pa mainchesi 17, kufika mpaka mainchesi 22 pofika 1998. kutchuka mu '90s.

Ma gudumu amtsogolo amaphatikiza "tweel," gudumu lopanda mpweya, lopanda pneumatic lokhala ndi masipoko, oyenera pakali pano pamagalimoto omanga oyenda pang'onopang'ono."Tweel," yopangidwa ndi Michelin, ili ndi vuto la kugwedezeka kopitilira mailosi 50 pa ola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokayikitsa kuti angagwiritsire ntchito msewu mpaka kukonza kuthetse vuto la kugwedezeka.

Mawilo otchedwa "ogwira ntchito", omwe adapangidwanso ndi Michelin, amanyamula mbali zonse zazikulu zagalimoto, ngakhale injini, m'magudumu omwewo.Mawilo othamanga ndi a magalimoto amagetsi okha.

Zovuta ndizakuti zitha zaka zambiri musanadzipeze kuti mukukwera pa "tweel" kapena "mawilo ogwira ntchito."Pakalipano, mawilo anu achitsulo kapena aloyi amakuchotsani kuchoka kumalo A kupita kumalo B bwino.Ngakhale kuti magudumuwa ndi olimba komanso odalirika, mawilo amakono amatha kuwonongeka chifukwa cha mipiringidzo, maenje, misewu yoipa, ndi kugundana.Mungafunike kusintha mawilo anu kuti galimoto yanu ikhale yotetezeka komanso yogwira bwino ntchito komanso mafuta.TheMawilo a Rayoneamapereka mawilo apamwamba-ntchito zambiri amapanga ndi zitsanzo, kuchokeraMawilo a Audiku magudumuBMWsndiMaserati.Ndife fakitale ya Top10 yamawilo agalimoto ku China, tili ndi mizere yoponyera, mizere yopangira mafunde ndi mizere yopukutira yokhala ndi mawilo apamwamba kwambiri komanso ntchito zamachitidwe.